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Practical Guides · 3 MIN READ

AI glossary in plain language

Short explanations of common terms, with their practical implications.

Updated 18 October 2026 · Practical learning guide

Prompt

The instructions or input you give a model for a task. A useful prompt describes the outcome, audience and constraints.

Context and context window

Context is the information available to the model for a response. The context window is the amount it can process at once. Being included in context does not guarantee a detail will be used correctly.

Tokens

Units used to represent text for a model, often words or parts of words. Token counts affect how much text fits into a request.

Hallucination

A generated claim that is false or unsupported, even when expressed confidently. Check consequential claims against original evidence.

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)

An approach that retrieves external material to inform generation. Retrieved content still needs checks for relevance, currency and support for the claim.

Workflow and agent

A workflow follows a defined sequence. An agent lets a model choose parts of the next action or tool use. In either case, permissions and review points need deliberate design.

Grounding

Connecting a response to supplied information or evidence. A grounded response still needs checking: a source can be misinterpreted or incomplete.

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